- Francesco Redi, 1626-1697. Refuted spontaneous generation of living
beings out of mud.
- Giordano Bruno, 1548-1600. Italian philosopher, Dominican monk,
burned at the stake as heretic. Taught that the world is infinite in
space and time and filled with innumerable suns.
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 1762-1814. German Idealist philosopher.
- Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821. French ruler and emperor 1804-1814 and
1815.