Rudolf Steiner illuminates the questions of freedom and necessity, guilt and innocence. Into this theme Steiner weaves questions of evolution, history, and culture, showing how and where human beings carry responsibility for these developments.

Steiner states that, whereas the human I is revealed in acts of volition on the physical plane, ultimately we will find our true I-being only through the Christ impulse and the completely free act of the Mystery of Golgotha.

This volume, Necessity and Freedom, is published in German as, Notwendigkeit und Freiheit im Weltengeschehen und im Menschlichen Handeln, (vol. 166 in the Bibliographic Survey).

The Graphic form on the cover of this book was created by Rudolf Steiner in 1921. The title lettering is by Peter Stebbing. This volume is presented here with the kind permission of the Rudolf Steiner Nachlassverwaltung, Dornach, Switzerland.